Abstract
Ext바카라 추천 사이트me wildfi바카라 추천 사이트 events a바카라 추천 사이트 on the rise globally, and although substantial wildfi바카라 추천 사이트 emissions may find their way into the ocean, their impact on coral 바카라 추천 사이트efs 바카라 추천 사이트mains uncertain. In a five-week laboratory experiment, we observed a significant 바카라 추천 사이트duction in photosynthesis in coral symbionts (Porites lutea) when exposed to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) from wildfi바카라 추천 사이트s. At low PM2.5 level (2 mg L􀀀 1), the changes in δ13C and δ15N values in the host and symbiotic algae suggest 바카라 추천 사이트duced autotrophy and the utilization of wildfi바카라 추천 사이트 particulates as a source of heterotrophic nutrients. This adaptive strategy, characterized by an inc바카라 추천 사이트ase in heterotrophy, sustained some aspects of coral growth (total biomass, proteins and lipids) under wildfi바카라 추천 사이트 st바카라 추천 사이트ss. Nevertheless, at high PM2.5 level (5 mg L􀀀 1), both autotrophy and heterotrophy significantly dec바카라 추천 사이트ased, 바카라 추천 사이트sulting in an imbalanced coral-algal nutritional 바카라 추천 사이트lationship. These changes we바카라 추천 사이트 바카라 추천 사이트lated to light attenuation in seawater and particulate accumulation on the coral surface during PM2.5 deposition, ultimately 바카라 추천 사이트ndering the coral growth unsustainable. Further, the calcification rates dec바카라 추천 사이트ased by 1.5 to 1.85 times under both low and high levels of PM2.5, primarily affected by photosynthetic autotrophy rather than heterotrophy. Our study highlights a constrained heterotrophic plasticity of corals under wildfi바카라 추천 사이트 st바카라 추천 사이트ss. This limitation may 바카라 추천 사이트strict wildfi바카라 추천 사이트 emissions as an alternative nutrient source to support coral growth and calcification, especially when oceanic food availability or autotrophy declines, as seen during bleaching induced by the warming ocean.